Answered by Muhammad Yasir Al-Hanafi
Our dear brother, Abu Mussab, is asking this question as I believe he’s unaware of basic principles. This is like asking why did Prophet Mūsā (upon whom be peace) travel to mount Al-Ṭūr to converse with Allāh? Or, as per authentic ḥadīth, is Allāh in the direction of the Kaʿba? Because our beloved Prophet ﷺ said: When one of you offers Ṣalāh, they should not spit in front of them, for indeed Allāh is in front of them when they pray (Bukhārī). The Quran states: ‘And He (Allāh) is with you wherever you are’ (al-Ḥadīd). Note that the pronoun ‘huwa’ (He) in this verse is primarily used to refer to an entity (dhāt) and not an attribute (ṣifa).
If Allāh is above the throne with His entity, then why did Prophet Mūsā speak to Him near the mountain whereby Allāh said to him: ‘Indeed, I am Allāh’ (Quran)? If He is above His throne, then why are we instructed not to spit in the direction of the Kaʿba because the ḥadīth suggests He is there? There are countless of Quranic verses and ḥadīth that ostensibly postulate various places and directions, including above the throne. No one takes them in the literal sense. I’m certain that brother Abu Mussab doesn’t too otherwise he will have a vivid contradiction in his stance.
Allāh is free from *all* directions. These places and directions that are mentioned are chosen by Allāh, not for Him to reside in - and Allāh’s refuge is sought - but for the creation to worship Him. This is why Allāh says: ‘To Allāh belong the East and the West: So wherever you (might) turn, there is the presence of Allāh. For Allāh is all-Encompassing, all-Knowing’ (al-Baqarah); meaning, He doesn’t need a direction for us to worship Him - we do.
Imām Al-Ṭaḥāwī states in his classical creedal work, which is also accepted by the Salafīs:
لا تَحْويِهِ الْجِهَاتُ السِّتُّ كَسَائِرِ الْمُبْتَدَعات
‘He (Allāh) is not contained by six directions like the rest of created things.’
To confine Allāh to a place and direction is tantamount to saying that He resides in His creation as He’s the Creator of everything including place and direction - and Allāh’s refuge is sought. Our beloved Prophet ﷺ said:
كان الله ولم يكن شيئ غيره
"Allah existed, while there was nothing in existence (including place and direction) besides Him" [Bukhari, 59.2:3191].
May Allāh enable us to worship Him the way He deserves to be worshipped. Āmīn.
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